El uso del título está protegido por ley, para poder ejercer la profesión es necesario estar registrado en el OAR – Ordinul Arhitec?ilor din România pero existen distintos métodos para llevar a cabo este registro, que puede además ser temporal o permanente.
 
Fuente: Law no. 184/2001 regarding the organization and exercise of the profession of architect
 
Article 4(1) Thearchitect's degree with the diploma or other equivalent document issued by the higher education institutions of architecture recognized by the Romanian state, which fulfills the mandatory minimum criteria of authorization and accreditation for the program of university architecture studies in the field of architecture degree, bears the title of architect, provided in the annex no.3 to the Government Decision no.469/2015 for the approval of the minimum mandatory criteria for authorization and accreditation for the programs of university studies of Medicine, Dental Medicine, Pharmacy, General medical assistance, Midwives, Veterinary Medicine, Architecture.
 
(2) The use of the title of architect by persons who do not hold this professional qualification on the basis of an official qualification title is forbidden.
 
 
Fuente: OAR. Calificari internationale
 
RECOGNITION OF INTERNATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS AND EQUIVALENCE / ACQUISITION RIGHT OF SIGNATURE
 
A.Acquisition of the right of signature by third-country nationals and holders of a diploma issued by a Romanian higher education institution, who are married to Romanian citizens (not citizens of an EU/EEA member state or the Swiss Confederation)
 
B. Acquisition of the right of signature by third-country nationals who are married to Romanian citizens and holders of a diploma issued by a third-level institution of higher education in architecture
 
C. The acquisition of the right of signature on the territory of Romania by the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation who request to be established in Romania and fulfill the conditions stipulated in art. 5 and 6 of Law no. 184/2001, regarding the possession of the qualification title and the exercise of the profession of architect and which have the right of signature in the territory of one of these states or an equivalent right
 
D. Acquisition of the right of signature by the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation who request to be established in Romania and fulfill the conditions stipulated in art. 5 and 6 regarding the possession of the qualification title and the exercise of the profession of architect and which have no signature or other equivalent right obtained in the territory of one of these states
 
E. APPLICATION OF COMPENSATORY MEASURES WHEN CONDITIONS C AND D ARE NOT MET. The Order of Architects of Romania, as a competent authority for the recognition of official qualifications in the profession of architect for the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation, can apply the general system of recognition according to the Law no. 200/2004 regarding the recognition of professional diplomas and qualifications for the regulated professions in Romania, if the applicant, for a special and exceptional reason, does not fulfill the conditions for applying the procedure of automatic recognition of the professional title of architect (for example they are only 3 years of studies, etc.). In such a situation, the OAR may carry out professional recognition by applying compensatory measures consisting of an adaptation period and / or supporting a aptitude test, according to the Decision of the Board of Directors no. 288 of 18.02.2019 for the approval of the procedure for organizing and conducting the adaptation period and the aptitude test in order to recognize the architect's qualification, under the general regime for the recognition of professional qualifications.
 
F. Acquisition of the right of signature on the territory of Romania by the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation who have the right to exercise the profession of architect with the right of signature or another equivalent right in one of these states and requesting the right to PROVIDE TEMPORARY OR OCCASIONAL SERVICES in the field of architecture on the Romanian territory, without requesting establishment in Romania – the applicants will acquire the right of signature without being registered in the National Archeology Panel and will be automatically registered in the Order of Architects of Romania, during the provision of the respective services.

Es obligatorio registrarse en el OAR, pero existen diferentes opciones de reconocimiento automático para Arquitectos de la Unión Europea que tengan reconocido el pleno derecho a firma y a ejercer la profesión en un estado miembro.
 
Fuente: OAR. Calificari internationale
 
RECOGNITION OF INTERNATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS AND EQUIVALENCE 
ACQUISITION RIGHT OF SIGNATURE
 
> CITIZENS OF THE MEMBER STATES WHICH HAVE THE RIGHT OF SIGNATURE IN THE TERRITORY OF ONE OF THESE STATES
 
The acquisition of the right of signature on the territory of Romania by the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation who request to be established in Romania and fulfill the conditions stipulated in art. 5 and 6 of Law no. 184/2001, regarding the possession of the qualification title and the exercise of the profession of architect and which have the right of signature in the territory of one of these states or an equivalent right
 
1. The Order of Architects of Romania is the competent authority for the recognition of official qualifications in the profession of architect for the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation;
 
2. the acquisition of the right of signature is obtained by the automatic recognition of the qualification title and the right of signature;
 
3. the recognition is done by a commission appointed by the National Council of the OAR (see article 12 paragraph (1) of Law no. 184/2001 on the organization and exercise of the profession of architect, republished and article 30 paragraph 1 -letter o) of the Regulation for the organization and functioning of the Order of Architects in Romania, published in the Official Gazette with number 704 of August 13, 2018 – to be accessed  https://www.oar.archi/despre-oar/cadru-legislativ-si- normative ).
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCEDURE
 
1. Preparation of the file, which must include: application, proof of citizenship, copy of the certificate of professional competence / qualification title (which provides access to the profession of architect and the attestation of the professional experience of the person concerned), certificate issued by the competent authority of the State of origin or provenance, attesting that the applicant holds those official qualifications or other documents proving the professional qualification that meet the criteria of the European Union legislation in the field, proof of the honorable character or the proof by which it is suspended, the profession is restricted or prohibited in case of serious professional error or crime (document valid for 3 months from the issuance by the competent authorities of the Member State of origin or origin).
 
2. in case of justified doubt, the Order of the Architects of Romania may request through IMI (Internal Market Information System) or, as the case may be, directly to the competent authorities of a Member State, confirmation of the authenticity of the official qualifications attesting the architect's qualification issued in that state , as well as, if necessary, confirmation that their owner fulfills the minimum professional training requirements provided by national law;
 
3. in the case of justified doubt, when a competent authority of a Member State has issued an official qualification title, which includes training completed in whole or in part in a recognized institution in another Member State, if Romania is Host Member State, the Order of Architects of Romania has the right to request the competent body of the Member State of origin or origin in which the official qualification title has been issued to verify: 
      · if the training provided by the institution in question has been officially certified by the educational institution in the Member State of origin or origin in which the official qualification title has been issued; 
      · if the official qualification title issued is the same as the one that would have been issued if the training cycle had been carried out entirely in the Member State of origin or provenance in which the official qualification title was issued; 
      · if academic title confers the same rights of access to the profession in the Member State of origin or provenance which was released academic title;

4. verification of the file by the Commission and issuing the decision of approval or rejection; in case of rejection, the decision will contain the well-founded reasons that led to it; 

5. the term of completion of the procedure: maximum 3 months from the date of submission of the complete documentation; 
 
6. the mode of appeal: the decision can be appealed within 30 days at the competent administrative court, according to the law;
   
7. fee: 630 lei – recognition of the qualification title, issuing the Certificate of recognition of the qualification title, processing the file for the equivalence of the signature right and issuing the Certificate of equivalence of the signature right; methods of payment: cash, at the Cashier's Order of the Architects of Romania, when submitting the file; Bank transfer:
 
Order of Architects of Romania
Tax code 14083510
Romanian Development Bank – Academy Branch
Account in lei: RO80BRDE410SV21208234100
Euro account: RO31BRDE410SV18573724100
Account in dollars RO07BRDE410SV33056304100.
Swift code: BRDEROBU (for payments in euros or dollars).
 
 
 
> CITIZENS OF THE MEMBER STATES WHICH HAVE NO SIGNATURE OR OTHER EQUIVALENT RIGHT OBTAINED IN THE TERRITORY OF ONE OF THESE STATES
 
 Acquisition of the right of signature by the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation who request to be established in Romania and fulfill the conditions stipulated in art. 5 and 6 regarding the possession of the qualification title and the exercise of the profession of architect and which have no signature or other equivalent right obtained in the territory of one of these states
 
1.The Order of Architects of Romania is the competent authority for the recognition of official qualifications in the profession of architect, for the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation;
 
2. before acquiring the right of signature, the applicant's diploma must be recognized on the Romanian territory; the recognition is done by a commission appointed by the National Council of the OAR (see article 12 paragraph (1) of Law no. 184/2001 on the organization and exercise of the profession of architect, republished and article 30 paragraph (1) letter). o) of the Regulation for the organization and functioning of the Order of Architects in Romania, published in the Official Gazette with number 704 of August 13, 2018 – to be accessed https://www.oar.archi/despre-oar/cadru-legislativ-si- normative ).
 
3. the right of signature on the Romanian territory is obtained under the same conditions as for the Romanian citizens:
      · the applicant will submit a file with the documents listed below;
      · the right of signature is granted by a commission composed of architects with the right of signature, appointed by the National Council of the Order of Architects of Romania, based on an interview to evaluate the applicant's relevant knowledge, skills and professional experience (see art. 11 paragraph) (5) and (6) of Law No. 184/2001 on the organization and exercise of the profession of architect, republished).
 
 
> CITIZENS OF THE MEMBER STATES REQUESTING THE RIGHT TO PROVIDE TEMPORARY OR OCCASIONAL SERVICES
 
Acquisition of the right of signature on the territory of Romania by the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation who have the right to exercise the profession of architect with the right of signature or another equivalent right in one of these states and requesting the right to PROVIDE TEMPORARY OR OCCASIONAL SERVICES in the field of architecture on the Romanian territory, without requesting establishment in Romania – the applicants will acquire the right of signature without being registered in the National Archeology Panel and will be automatically registered in the Order of Architects of Romania, during the provision of the respective services.
 
1. The Order of Architects of Romania is the competent authority for the recognition of official qualifications in the profession of architect, for the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation;
 
2. the acquisition of the right of signature is obtained by the automatic recognition of the qualification title and the right of signature;
 
3. the recognition is made by a commission appointed by the National Council (see Article 12 paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) of Law 184/2001, republished, with the subsequent amendments and completions and Article 30 paragraph (1) letter o) of the Regulation for the organization and functioning of the Order of Architects in Romania, published in the Official Gazette with number 704 of August 13, 2018 – to be accessed  https://www.oar.archi / about-once / legislative-and-normative framework).
 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCEDURE
 
1. the documents required for registration, at the first rendering of services in the field of architecture or in case of modifications of the situation with respect to the initial one, retained in documents: written prior statement, specifying the field of insurance or other means of personal or collective protection regarding the professional responsibility for which the applicant benefits in Romania, the copy of the identity document / passport, the document issued by the Member State of establishment of the applicant, which attests that, at the date of its issuance, the holder is legally established in that state and that it is not permanently or temporarily prohibited the exercise of architect's activities, copies of diplomas, certificates or other official qualifications in the profession of architect;
 
2. the prior written declaration shall be renewed once a year, if the provider intends to exercise his profession as a temporary or occasional architect during that year, or in case of a change in his situation from the initial one;
 
3. the temporary and occasional character of the provision of services in the field of architecture shall be verified, on a case-by-case basis, in particular according to the duration of the provision, their frequency, frequency and continuity, by the OAR;
 
4. The OAR will accept as proof of honorability a document issued to the citizen of a Member State of the European Union, of the European Economic Area or of the Swiss Confederation by the competent authority of the State of origin; this document has a validity of maximum 3 months from the date of its issue by the competent authority of the state of origin;
 
5. in case of justified doubt, the OAR may request through IMI (Internal Market Information System) or, as the case may be, directly to the competent authorities of a Member State, confirmation of the authenticity of the official qualifications attesting the architect's qualification issued in that state, as well as , as the case may be, the confirmation that their owner fulfills the minimum training requirements provided by national law;
 
6. in the case of justified doubt, when a competent authority of a Member State has issued an official qualification title, which includes training completed in whole or in part in a recognized institution in another Member State, if Romania is host Member State, the OAR has the right to request the competent body of the Member State of origin or origin in which the official qualification title has been issued to verify: 
      · if the training provided by the institution in question has been officially certified by the educational institution in the Member State of origin or origin in which the official qualification title has been issued; 
      · if the official qualification title issued is the same as the one that would have been issued if the training cycle had been carried out entirely in the Member State of origin or provenance in which the official qualification title was issued; 
      · if the official qualification title issued confers the same rights of access to the profession in the territory of the Member State of origin or origin in which the official qualification title was issued.
 
7. verification of the file by the Commission and issuing the Certificate of recognition of qualification; 

8. approval or rejection of the request by the Commission; in the event of rejection, the Commission's decision must include all the justifications; 

9. fees: 400 lei – recognition of the qualification title and issuing the Certificate of recognition of qualification; 120 lei – processing the documents required for registration, at the first provision of services and filing the preliminary declaration; 20 lei – renewal of the declaration; methods of payment: cash, at the Cashier's Order of the Architects of Romania, when submitting the file; Bank transfer:
 
Order of Architects of Romania
Tax code 14083510
Romanian Development Bank – Academy Branch
Account in lei: RO80BRDE410SV21208234100
Euro account: RO31BRDE410SV18573724100
Account in dollars RO07BRDE410SV33056304100.
SWIFT code: BRDEROBU (for payments in euros or dollars). 
 
 
 
> Procedures for recognition of international qualifications and equivalence / acquisition right of signature
 
> Application for recognition of qualification_RO
 
>Application for recognition of qualification_EN
 
> Application for recognition of qualification and equivalence as a signature_RO
 
> Documents necessary to obtain signatory rights.pdf
 
> Documents necessary to request diploma acknowledgement.pdf
 

Para aquellos casos en los que no se pueda optar al reconocimiento automático para Arquitectos de la Unión Europea existe una opción por la cual el OAR puede llevar a cabo ciertas medidas compensatorias, según el caso.
 
Fuente: OAR. Calificari internationale
 
E. APPLICATION OF COMPENSATORY MEASURES WHEN CONDITIONS C AND D ARE NOT MET.
The Order of Architects of Romania, as a competent authority for the recognition of official qualifications in the profession of architect for the citizens of the Member States of the European Union, the citizens of the Member States of the European Economic Area and the citizens of the Swiss Confederation, can apply the general system of recognition according to the Law no. 200/2004 regarding the recognition of professional diplomas and qualifications for the regulated professions in Romania, if the applicant, for a special and exceptional reason, does not fulfill the conditions for applying the procedure of automatic recognition of the professional title of architect (for example they are only 3 years of studies, etc.).
 
In such a situation, the OAR may carry out professional recognition by applying compensatory measures consisting of an adaptation period and / or supporting a aptitude test, according to the  Decision of the Board of Directors no. 288 of 18.02.2019 for the approval of the procedure for organizing and conducting the adaptation period and the aptitude test in order to recognize the architect's qualification, under the general regime for the recognition of professional qualifications.

The activities in the field of architecture, town and territory planning consist in: a) planning, professional advice, technical assistance and supervision of the construction works, monument restoration, landscaping, design, interior design and decorations, staging design and other similar activities; b) study, research, planning, advising and specific regulations in the field of architecture, town planning, territory planning, constructions, the use of construction materials and the specific technologies;  c) supervision, endorsement, approval, supervision and technical expertise of architectural designs.
 
Architectural projects for the materialization of which the law requires the obtaining of the building permit will be elaborated by an architect with the right of signature or by a conductor architect with the right of signature. The architects acquire the signature right granted by the Order of the Architects of Romania, under the conditions of the law.
 
 
Fuente: European Comission. Regulated professions
 
ACTIVITIES
 
The activities in the field of architecture, town and territory planning consist in:
 
     a) planning, professional advice, technical assistance and supervision of the construction works, monument restoration, landscaping, design, interior design and decorations, staging design and other similar activities;
 
      b) study, research, planning, advising and specific regulations in the field of architecture, town planning, territory planning, constructions, the use of construction materials and the specific technologies;
 
     c) supervision, endorsement, approval, supervision and technical expertise of architectural designs.
 
The practice of architecture is a complex act of technical and aesthetic creation and the provision of services, which is realized by drawing up projects, coordinating studies and related documentation prepared by other specialists, studies, themes and programs of research, design and competitions, technical documentation, layouts, surveys and other such activities.
 
 
 
Fuente: Law no. 184/2001 regarding the organization and exercise of the profession of architect
 
Article 1 The present law regulates the exercise of the profession of architect and the constitution of the Order of Architects in Romania, as a form of independent, non-profit, autonomous, apolitical and public interest.
 
Article 2(1) The activity in the field of architecture is an act of culture of public interest, with urban, economic, social and ecological implications.
(2)The architectural creation is meant to functionally and aesthetically organize the built space, having the obligation to insert it harmoniously into the environment, respecting the natural landscapes and the real estate heritage.
 
Article 3 According to the law, civil, industrial, agricultural or other constructions can be made only with the observance of the building permit, based on the regulations regarding the design and execution of the constructions.
 
Article 8(1) The activity of the architect in the fields of architecture, urbanism and spatial planning consists of:
a)designing, advising, technical assistance an d supervision of construction works, restoration of monuments, landscaping, design, interior decoration and decoration, scenography and other such activities;
b) the study, research, planning, counseling and specific regulation in the fields of architecture, urbanism, spatial planning, constructions, use of building materials and specific technologies;
c) verification, approval, approval, control and technical expertise of architectural projects.
 
(2) The practice of architecture is a complex act of technical and aesthetic creation and of the provision of services, which is realized by drawing up projects, coordinating studies and related documentation prepared by other specialists, studies, themes and programs of research, design and competitions, technical documentation, models, reliefs and other such activities.
 
Article 11(1)Architectural projects for the materialization of which the law requires the obtaining of the building permit will be elaborated by an architect with the right of signature or by a conductor architect with the right of signature. Interior architecture projects for the materialization of which the law requires obtaining the building permit can also be signed by an interior architect with the right of signature.
 
(2) The architects acquire the signature right granted by the Order of the Architects of Romania, under the conditions of the law, if they have the full exercise of the civil rights, if they fulfill the conditions of honor and internship or, as the case may be, of practical professional experience, provided by this law and the Directive . Obtaining the right of signature by the architects compulsory entails their registration in the National Panel of Architects, according to the law.
 

Opcional. No es imprescindible, pero en algunos casos puede que compense contar con un socio local.
 
Fuente: ICEX. Rumanía
 
SOCIOS LOCALES
 
En cuanto a la asociación con socios locales, no existe ningún tipo de normativa que obligue o favorezca la formación de sociedades con éstos (las personas o entidades extranjeras cuentan con los mismos derechos que los nacionales), por lo que la asociación vendrá determinada por la conveniencia del inversor extranjero.
 
La legislación nacional en Rumanía permite la celebración de un acuerdo de Asociación en Participación. Según este acuerdo, las partes actuarán juntas para la realización de un objetivo empresarial común. Esta forma de hacer negocios en Rumanía no crea una persona jurídica. Con carácter general no es estrictamente necesario contar con un establecimiento permanente para participar en una Asociación en Participación con actividad en Rumanía, si bien pueden existir casos en los que sí sea necesario.
 
Las autoridades contratantes ponen a disposición de los ofertantes una plantilla de acuerdo de asociación (en rumano "Acordul de asociere"), que en general incluye una disposición en base a la cual los miembros de la asociación (con independencia de su forma jurídica) responden solidariamente  ante la autoridad contratante en relación a todas las obligaciones y responsabilidades relacionadas con la ejecución del contrato.
 

Fuente: UIA. Romania
 
ARCHITECT'S PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY
 
Is The Duration Of The Warranty Period And Of Liability In The Event Of Damages Defined By Law?: Yes
 
In The Event That The Duration Of The Warranty Period And Of Liability Is Defined, Please Specify Its Duration: Unlimited
 
What Legal Document Defines / Regulates It?:
PROFESSIONAL BODY REGULATION
CIVIL CODE OR OTHER LAWS
CONTRACT WITH THE CLIENT
PENAL CODE
 
INSURANCE is NOT Compulsory
 

Fuente: Law no. 10/1995 regarding the quality in constructions
 
Article 5 (1)In order to obtain quality constructions, it is obligatory to achieve and maintain, throughout the entire life of the constructions, the following fundamental requirements applicable:
 
a)mechanical strength and stability; b)fire safety; c)hygiene, health and environment; d)safety and accessibility in operation; e)noise protection; f)energy saving and thermal insulation; g)sustainable use of natural resources.
 
(2) The application of the fundamental requirements is established on domains / sub-domains and categories of constructions and on specialties for the installations related to the constructions, through regulations and technical regulations in constructions.
 
Article 7 (1)In the contracts concluded or, as the case may be, in the provisions or authorizations that are issued, the factors referred to in the previous article are obliged to enter the clauses regarding the quality level of the constructions, corresponding to the requirements, as well as the material guarantees and other provisions, leading to the realization of these clauses.
 
(2)Levels and requirements regarding quality inferior to the regulations in force, regarding the requirements provided in art.5.
 
(3)The guarantee period shall be stipulated in the contracts concluded between the parties, according to the categories of importance of the constructions established according to the law, and shall have a minimum duration, as follows:
 
– 5 years for the constructions classified in the categories of importance A and B;
– 3 years for constructions classified in category C;
– 1 year for the constructions classified in the category of importance D.
 
The warranty period is extended with the period of remediation of the qualitative defects found during this period.
 
Article 35 (1) The design, verification, expertise, construction or execution of modifications without observing the technical regulations regarding stability and resistance, if in this way the life or bodily integrity of one or more persons is endangered. , is a crime and is punished with imprisonment from one year to 5 years and the prohibition of certain rights.
 
(2)The deed provided in par.(1), if it has produced one or more of the following consequences: loss of human life, serious injury to the bodily integrity or health of one or more persons, total or partial destruction of the construction, destruction or degradation of important installations or equipment or other special consequences serious, it is a crime and is punished by imprisonment from 3 to 10 years and the prohibition of some rights.
 
(3) If the facts mentioned in par. (1) were committed, the special limits of the penalties are reduced by half.
 
 
Fuente: CertAsig
 
PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY
 
Professional Indemnity Insurance is specifically designed for legal entities and authorized natural persons, for damages caused to clients/beneficiaries of their services by own fault, while performing the insured professional activity.
 
CertAsig provides protection for companies activating in a broad range of activities and for individuals engaged in professions, including for individuals who are authorized to practice liberal professions in Romania, with legal obligation to enclose a professional indemnity insurance, such as: doctors, nurses, notaries, attorneys, accountants, insurance brokers and agents, court enforcement officers, financial auditors, tax consultants, architects, designers and other professions regulated by legislation.
 
Advantages:
   · The insurance conditions are adapted to the specifics of each activity and provide complete coverage for the risks involved.
   · The additional expenses related to legal expertise and actions at law are covered.
   · Flexible approach on the payable insurance premiums, depending on various coverage limits per event or aggregate.
 
Normal maximum underwriting capacity:
      up to EUR 10,000,000 per event
 
Claims covered when the insured event occurs:
   · Material damages;
   · Legal expenses;
   · Expenses for reconstruction, rehabilitation or replacement of the original documents handed over by the client to the insured person;
   · Expenses generated by specialized expertise.

 a) Normativas

 
Fuente:  OAR. Legislative and normative framework
 
> Law no. 184/2001 regarding the organization and exercise of the profession of architect – republished in 2014
> Decision no. 932/2010 for approving the methodological norms for applying Law no. 184/2001 regarding the organization and exercise of the profession of architect
> The deontological code of the Order of Architects of Romania
> The decision of the Board of Directors no. 288 / 18.02.2019 for the approval of the procedure for organizing and conducting the adaptation stage and the aptitude test for the recognition of the architect qualification, under the general regime for the recognition of professional qualifications
 
OAR REGULATIONS 
> Regulation for the organization and functioning of the Order of Architects in Romania (June 30, 2018)
> Framework Regulation on the establishment, organization and functioning of the territorial branches of the Order of Architects of Romania (June 30, 2018)
> Regulation on the establishment, organization and functioning of the working groups of the Order of Architects in Romania
> The judicial procedure of the disciplinary commissions of the Order of Architects of Romania
 
 
Fuente:  OAR. Legislative and Normative Basis

LEGISLATIVE AND NORMATIVE BASIS
> Government Decision no. 907/2016
> Law no. 422/2001 regarding the protection of historical monuments republished, with subsequent modifications and completions
> Law no. 350/2001 regarding the planning of the territory and urbanism
> Law no. 184/2001 regarding the organization and exercise of the profession of architect
> Law no. 10/1995 regarding the quality in constructions
> Law no. 50/1991 regarding the authorization of the execution of the construction works
 
> Technical regulations regarding the use and repair of construction-assembly machinery
> Technical regulations regarding the works of repair, maintenance and post-use of the constructions
> Technical regulations regarding the quality control and the reception of construction and installation works
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of insulation works
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of the organization of construction-assembly works
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of the works on the covers
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of hydrotechnical constructions, river arrangements and regularization
> Technical regulations regarding the use and execution of constructions made of wood materials
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of industrial, agrozootechnical and irrigation constructions
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of metal constructions
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of masonry and wall works
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of concrete works, reinforced concrete and precompressed concrete
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of earthworks
> Technical regulations regarding the calculation of constructions and construction elements
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of foundations
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of residential and social-cultural buildings
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of geodetic, topographic, photometric, cadastral works
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of the works of protection of constructions and installations against the agents
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of thermal installations, air conditioning, gases
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of water and sewerage installations
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of electrical installations
> Technical regulations regarding the execution of the works of floors, baseboards, hinges, stairs elements
> Technical regulations regarding the execution of plastering, plywood, wallpaper
> Technical regulations regarding urban planning documentation
> Technical regulations regarding the energy performance of buildings
> Technical regulations regarding the design and execution of constructions for transport
> Technical-economic and methodological regulations
> Technical regulations regarding the requirements established by Law no. 10/1995

 b) Modelos de contratos

 
Fuente: OAR. Model de Contract
 
DESIGN CONTRACT MODEL
 
The Board of Directors of the Order of Architects of Romania offers to the members, by way of RECOMMENDATION, a model of design contract. 
 
The realization of this model is in accordance with the provisions of the Code of ethics of the architect profession, art. 28 – 29, and its structure and content resulted from the development and updating of the forms proposed in the publication Exercise of the architect profession (2nd ed., Symmetry, 2006).  This recommended model was also used as a support in the two-day courses with the theme  Construction Law , part of the OAR offer of vocational training actions for the current year. 
 
Detailed explanations of the aspects that determined the revision of the previous models, the references that were taken into account and a presentation of its structure can be consulted in the Preamble of this model. The contract model is based on the Architect's Missions, adopted by decision no. 860 of the National Council of 28.05.2012, as a fundamental part of the modular structure of the Cost Information System for Architectural Design.
 
 
Fuente: ICEX. Rumanía
 
CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA
 
No son muchas las compras del sector público rumano con cargo al presupuesto nacional. Las existentes suelen, en general, establecer una discriminación positiva a favor de las empresas locales. En 2007 se puso en marcha una iniciativa para comenzar a gestionar las licitaciones públicas por medios electrónicos (www.seap.ro) con objeto de dotarlas de mayor eficiencia y transparencia. La dirección web desde donde se gestiona el servicio es la siguiente: http://www.e-licitatie.ro/Public/Common/Content.aspx?f=PublicHomePage
 
La Estrategia Nacional de Adquisiciones Publicas fue aprobada por la Decisión de Gobierno no. 901/2015 y entró en vigor el 25 de noviembre de 2015. Actualmente está casi finalizado el proceso de aprobación de las leyes de adquisiciones públicas que forman parte de un paquete legislativo que cambiará las existentes (Ordenanza 34/2006)y sus modificaciones) para la adaptación tanto al marco legislativo europeo, como a las particularidades de Rumanía.
 
 
CONTRATACIÓN LABORAL
 
La legislación laboral y las relaciones empleado-empleador se rigen por el Código de Trabajo (Codul Muncii), que se corresponde con la Ley 53/2003 y sus modificaciones posteriores. La Ley 40/2011 introdujo modificaciones sustanciales en el código de trabajo.
 
A continuación se comentan los aspectos más relevantes con respecto a los trabajadores ciudadanos de estados miembros de la UE/ EEE (Espacio Económico Europeo). Para obtener información acerca de los requisitos para ciudadanos de otros países, se recomienda consultar  la página Web de la Inspección General de Inmigración.
         
Según la Ordenanza de urgencia del gobierno 25/2014 los extranjeros necesitarán un permiso de la Oficina de Inmigración de Rumanía para trabajar en este país. Este permiso no será necesario para extranjeros con libre acceso al mercado de trabajo rumano por aplicación de tratados con sus países. También quedan exentos algunos campos de trabajo como la educación, la ciencia, las artes y la cultura, el empleo público o la administración del estado, así como la dirección de empresas, deportistas profesionales. También estarán exentos los extranjeros a cargo de filiales locales. Los estudiantes extranjeros estarán exentos para empleos a tiempo parciales.
 
La tasa por el permiso será de 200€, pero será de 50€ en el caso de trabajadores estacionales o trabajadores que hayan estudiado en Rumanía. Las sanciones por no obtención del permiso oscilarán entre los 700 y los 3.000 RON. El cupo para 2016 para los permisos de trabajo para extranjeros se ha fijado en 5.500, incluyendo 800 para trabajadores altamente cualificados.
 
 
TRABAJADORES AUTÓNOMOS O EMPRESAS QUE QUIERAN ESTABLECERSE EN RUMANÍA
 
Las personas físicas (ciudadanos rumanos o de Estados miembros de la Unión Europea y de los Estados miembros del Espacio Económico Europeo) pueden desarrollar actividades económicas en Rumania, según la legislación en vigor, como autónomo, es decir, como únicos dueños de una empresa individual o como miembros de una empresa familiar. Deben solicitar su inscripción en la Oficina Nacional de Registro de Comercio del lugar donde tengan su local comercial y la autorización de la operación antes de comenzar la actividad económica (según el artículo 7 de la Ordenanza nr.44/2008 sobre actividades económicas de las personas físicas con actividad empresarial, empresas individuales y negocios familiares que pueden descargar en el siguiente enlace: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/geytsnrugi/ordonanta-de-urgenta-nr-44-2008-privind-desfasurarea-activitatilor-economice-de-catre-persoanele-fizice-autorizate-intreprinderile-individuale-si-intreprinderile-familiale.  
 
Pueden obtener información sobre la inscripción de la sociedad en el siguiente enlace: https://portal.onrc.ro/ONRCPortalWeb/ONRCPortal.portal, así como realizar la inscripción online.
 

c) Convenios fiscales

 
Fuente: Agencia Tributaria
 
> Instrumento de Ratificación de 17 de junio de 1980 del Convenio entre el Gobierno del Reino de España y el Gobierno de la República Socialista de Rumanía para evitar la doble imposición en materia de impuestos sobre la renta y el patrimonio, firmado en Madrid el 24 de mayo de 1979. (BOE, 02-octubre-1980)  
 
 
Fuente: ICEX. Rumanía
 
SISTEMA FISCAL
 
La coordinación unitaria de todas las actividades fiscales es competencia del Ministerio de Finanzas Públicas, que comprende en su estructura los órganos centrales y locales del área fiscal. Este Ministerio se organiza y funciona como un órgano de la administración pública central, que pone en práctica el programa del Gobierno sobre las finanzas públicas.
 
En el capítulo sobre la comparación de la presión fiscal en los Estados miembro de la Unión Europea, en la Estrategia se señala que, en 2014, Rumanía se situó en el 6º lugar en la Unión Europea después de Bélgica (49,9%), Hungría (49,0%), Francia (45.2%), Alemania (45.1%) y Austria  (44.8%), en lo que concierne a la presión fiscal sobre los costes laborales. En una nota de prensa de la Representación de la Comisión Europea, de 28 de enero de 2016, se afirma que aparentemente no hay riesgos significativos para Rumanía a corto plazo, aunque  una serie de variables avisan de que habrá que hacer frente a diversos retos en un futuro.
 
Desde el punto de vista de la nacionalidad del inversor, la inversión extranjera cuenta con los mismos derechos y obligaciones que los inversores nacionales, por lo que no se pueden reseñar especificidades.
 
Existe un Convenio entre el Reino de España y la República de Rumanía para evitar la doble imposición en materia de impuestos sobre la renta y el patrimonio (tanto de personas físicas como jurídicas), firmado el 24 de mayo de 1979 y en vigor desde el 28 de junio de 1980. No obstante se ha firmado un nuevo Convenio que está pendiente de la ratificación de ambos gobiernos. A la hora de pagar retenciones, se pueden utilizar los tipos impositivos acordados en el tratado si fueran más favorables.  La regulación relativa a la aplicación de los convenios para evitar la doble imposición en territorio rumano se recoge en los artículos 118, 119 y 120 del Código Fiscal.
 
 

d) Sueldos y tarifas de honorarios

 
Fuente: UIA. Romania
 
ARCHITECTS' COMPENSATION
 
Is There A Fee Scale, Cost Information System Or Other Method To Calculate Architects' Compensation For Services Delivered?: Yes
IT IS NOT MANDATORY; IT IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY
Which Body Is In Charge Of Publishing Fee Scales Or Defining And Offering Other Methods For Calculating Compensation?: CHAMBER OF ROMANIAN ARCHITECTS
 
Fuente: OAR. Sistemului de informa?ii asupra costurilor pentru proiectarea de arhitectur? (SIC)
 
COST INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
 
The Cost Information System for Architectural Design (CIS) is an application that allows estimating the average workload required to complete an architectural project.
 
At this moment, the CIS is in the process of being approved by the competent authorities, according to the law. In accordance with the directives of the European Commission, professional associations and unions in the Member States of the European Union are obliged to waive any regulations that could impede free competition. 
 
To meet this need, following the model of professional associations of architects from other EU countries (Austria, France or Belgium), OAR has started to develop the cost information system for architectural design – a process carried out in partnership with IMAS Marketing and Surveys Bucharest. This system is based on an objective calculation regarding the volume of work invested in the execution of the architectural contracts in Romania, having as a starting point the market of the contracts concluded after 2000.
 
The database obtained from the collection of information through a sociological investigation allows the quantification of the time required to provide architectural services on missions, thus providing a calculation basis for the design budgets, as well as the possibility to justify the fees correctly and concretely. In order to allow the calculation of the design working hours for an architectural objective, OAR has developed together with IMAS an electronic platform , in fact an application addressed to the user who wants information about the workload required in the architectural design of a specific objective. The application itself is a calculation software that informs the user about the amount of work required on average to achieve the chosen objective. 
 
 
Fuente: Codului deontologic al profesiei de arhitect
 
Article 42. For the services provided in the contractual relations established with the client, the architect has the right to benefit from a fair fee, freely negotiated with him and in whose elaboration he will be able to use the data provided by the Cost Information System for the architectural design, elaborated through the care of the Order, which includes differentiated reference levels by categories of works and volume of benefits.
 
Article 43. For certain categories of services it is recommended to use hourly costs, either individual costs, differentiated according to the degree of qualification and experience of the architects involved, or conventional hourly costs of the elaborating architecture firm, calculated to cover all the material expenses necessary for the accomplishment of the assumed missions, as well as the appropriate profit and risk margin, to allow reinvestment in personnel training and equipment.
 
Article 45. It is forbidden to practice undervalued fees in relation to the quality of the performance, both from the point of view of the prestige of the profession and from the point of view of honesty towards the client, in order to deliberately obtain the order of a work to the detriment of other architects, with the risk of elaborating the work at lower quality levels.
 
 
Fuente: ICEX. Rumanía
 
SALARIOS
 
Los salarios se rigen por el principio de libre negociación y se suelen pagar mensualmente. El salario mínimo se establece por decisión gubernamental, mientras que el salario medio se calcula y publica a efectos estadísticos como referencia. Desde el 1 de enero de 2019 el salario mínimo interprofesional en Rumanía es de 2.080 lei mensuales (aproximadamente 447 euros) por 8 horas trabajadas diarias 5 días a la semana, siendo el de los titulados superiores con una antigüedad laboral mínima de un año y que utilicen sus conocimientos, de 2.350 lei al mes (aproximadamente 505 euros). Por otro lado, es destacable también la reciente subida salarial en el sector de la construcción cuyo salario mínimo ha pasado a ser de 3.000 lei (aproximadamente 629,90 euros) en 2019. En líneas generales, la subida de salarios en 2019 tiene lugar en un contexto de escasez de mano de obra y en donde el sector IT ofrece los salarios mejores atrayendo a un importante número de trabajadores.

e) Fases de proyecto

 
Fuente: OAR. Cost Information System for Architectural Services (SIC)
 
DESIGN STAGES
 
– Preliminary Stage (Similar to Preliminary Project 1.1)
 
– Preparatory Stage (Similar to Preliminary Project 1.2)
 
– Concept Stage (Similar to Preliminary Project 1.3)
 
– Definitive Design Stage (Similar to Preliminary Project 1.4)
 
– Building Permit Stage (Building Permit Technical Documentation – DTAC; Demolition Permit Technical Documentation – DTAD; Technical Documentation for Site Layout Planning – DTOE)
 
– Evaluation/Offer Project Stage (Similar to Technical Project)
 
– Design for Execution Stage (Similar to the Execution Details Stage)
 
– Consulting Stage for the Selection of the preferred Bidder for the Construction Works
 
– Construction Monitoring Stage
 
– Tracking the Behaviour in time of the Building and Interventions Stage
 
– Services Outside the Design Stages
 
 

f) Informe económico, Planes de inversión

 
Fuente: ICEX. Rumanía
 
RAZONES Y VENTAJAS PARA LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE EMPRESAS ESPAÑOLAS
 
Los principales atractivos de Rumanía son su pertenencia a la UE desde 2007 y, por lo tanto, la aproximación ya avanzada hacia el acervo comunitario, su cercanía a las principales cadenas de valor y mercados de Europa, sus moderados costes salariales y una presión fiscal relativamente favorable (Impuesto de sociedades del 16%). En Rumanía se pueden encontrar recursos humanos altamente cualificados en algunos sectores y oficios, en particular en las TIC. Al mismo tiempo, el tamaño de su mercado, si bien es pequeño comparado con España, es relativamente importante si lo comparamos con otros países de Europa oriental, gracias a su población de 20 millones de habitantes y a pesar de su reducida renta per cápita.
 
 
> Informe económico y comercial. Rumanía 2019
Informe económico y comercial sobre Rumanía que proporciona datos sobre su situación política-económica, relaciones bilaterales, acuerdos comerciales, relaciones multilaterales y oportunidades de negocio para la empresa española.
Ver documento
 
 
> Guía de Negocios. Rumanía 2018
Guía sobre Rumania. Proporciona información sobre su situación geográfica, superficie, clima, demografía, sociedad y breves referencias históricas. Muestra su estructura político-administrativa, su estructura económica, el marco para la actividad comercial y para la inversión, así como información de carácter práctico y una guía de direcciones de interés del país en Internet.
Ver documento 

g) Otros

> Guía país. Rumanía 2018
Guía sobre Rumanía. Proporciona información sobre su situación geográfica, superficie, clima, demografía, sociedad y breves referencias históricas. Muestra su estructura político-administrativa, su estructura económica, el marco para la actividad comercial y para la inversión, así como información de carácter práctico y una guía de direcciones de interés del país en Internet.
Ver documento
 
 
> Ficha sector. El mercado de las Smart Cities en Rumanía 2018
Panorámica del sector de las ciudades inteligentes ("Smart Cities") en Rumanía. Presenta una primera aproximación al mercado tratado (características y datos cuantitativos y cualitativos) con indicación de las oportunidades que presenta para la oferta española y las claves de acceso al mismo.
Ver documento
 
 
> Adjudicación de contratos públicos a empresas españolas en Rumanía 2014
Informe sobre las adjudicaciones públicas a empresas españolas en Rumanía durante 2014. Proporciona datos históricos, concursos ganados, principales entidades licitadoras, proyectos adjudicados por sectores y principales empresas españolas adjudicatarias.
Ver documento 
 
 
> Directorio de empresas españolas establecidas en Rumanía
Este documento contiene los principales datos (no de carácter personal o confidencial) de las empresas españolas que han abordado cualquier tipo de proyecto de inversión en Rumanía y que, según los datos del ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones, están establecidas en ese país actualmente.
Ver documento

Corresponsal COAM

 
> Ver Corresponsales 2018-2019
         
 

Organismo regulador 

 
ROMANIAN ORDER OF ARCHITECTS (OAR)
Str. Pictor Arthur Verona nr. 19
010312 Bucharest 1 – Romania
Phone: +40 21 317 26 34
office@oar.org.ro
www.oar.org.ro
 

Enlaces profesionales

 
OFICINA ECONÓMICA Y COMERCIAL
Strada Dionisie Lupu nr. 64-66, 3ª planta, sector 1
Bucarest. Rumanía
Teléfono: +40213128050 / +40213128060
Email: bucarest@comercio.mineco.es
 

CÁMARA DE COMERCIO E INDUSTRIA DE RUMANIA
Bvd. Octavian Goga 2, sector 3,
030982 Bucarest
Teléfono: +4 021 319 01 14; 15; 16;17;18
E-mail: ccir@ccir.ro
Web: http://www.ccir.ro
 
 

Embajadas y consulados

 
EMBAJADA DE RUMANIA EN MADRID
 Avda. de Alfonso XIII, 157.
28016 Madrid
Teléfono: 91 350 18 81/ 91 350 44 36
Mail: madrid@mae.ro
Web: http://madrid.mae.ro
 
 
EMBAJADA DE ESPAÑA EN BUCAREST  
Aleea Alexandru nr. 43, sector 1,
 011822 Bucarest
Teléfono: +4 021 318 10 77 (cancillería)
Teléfono: + 4 021 318 10 80 (consulado)
E-mail: emb.bucarest@maec.es
Web: www.exteriores.gob.es/embajadas/bucarest/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx
 
 

 Otros

 
Bucharest Territorial Branch of the Order of Architects of Romania
St. Constantine Street no. 32 , sector 1, Bucharest , postal code 010219
tel / fax: 021-3039226
e-mail: secretariat@oar-bucuresti.ro
web: www.oar-bucuresti.ro
 
 
Asociación de Arquitectos
str. Jean Louis Calderon no. 48, sector 2,
Bucharest, 020038
tel: 021.312.76.01
secretariat@uniuneaarhitectilor.ro 
http://www.uniuneaarhitectilor.ro