El uso del título de Arquitecto y la práctica profesional  están regulados por ley,  por lo que es necesario estar registrado en la Architects Registration Board.
 
 
Fuente: UIA. Hong Kong
 
What Is The Title Granted Upon Entering Professional Practice?: REGISTERED ARCHITECT
 
Is The Use Of The Professional Title Protected By Law?: Yes

Name Of The Authority That Grants The Professional Title? : ARCHITECTS REGISTRATION BOARD
 
 
MECHANISM FOR VALIDATING THE LICENSE TO PRACTICE
 
What Is The Procedure?:
Local Authorities Have To Check Whether The Architect Is Authorised To Practise
Local Authorities Request Proof That The Architect Is Authorised
The Architect Has A Licence Which He/She May Have To Present If Requested
 
Additional Information On Validation Procedure:
Please Refer To Chapter 408 Of The Laws Of Hong Kong – Architects Registration Ordinance
 
Additional Comments On Laws And Regulations:
Please Refer To Chapter 408 Of The Laws Of Hong Kong – Architects Registration Ordinance, Which Provides For The Registration Of Architects And Disciplinary Control Of The Professional Activities Of Registered Architects, And For Related Matters.
 
Additional Information On Professional Registration:
The Architects Registration Ordinance Only Protects The Title.
The Buildings Ordinance Controls Plan Submission And Co-Ordination Of Building Works And Confers Title Of Authorized Person (Architect, Structural Engineer Or Quantity Surveyor)
 
 
PRACTICE BY FOREIGN ARCHITECTS
Can A Foreign-Licensed Architect Practice Independently?: Yes
 
Independent Practice:
There Are Requirements Governing Entitlement To Practice
 
Laws Regulating Practice By Foreign Architects:
Architects Registration Ordinance And Buildings Ordinance
 
What Requirements Must A Foreign-Licensed Architect Meet To Be Able To Practice Legally?:
Valid Architectural License
Degree In Architecture
Proof Of Internship / Professional Experience
Completion Of Interview
 
 
Fuente: CAP 408 Architects Registration Ordinance
 
8. Functions of the Board
The Board shall—
(a) establish and maintain a register of registered architects;
(b) set and review the qualification standards for registration as a registered architect and related registration matters;
(c) advise the Government and the Institute on registration matters;
(d) examine and verify the qualifications of persons who apply for registration as registered architects;
(e) receive, examine, accept or reject applications for registration and renewal of registration as a registered architect;
(f) deal with disciplinary offences in accordance with this Ordinance;
(g) keep proper records of its proceedings and accounts; and
(h) carry out such other functions as this Ordinance may prescribe.
 
9. Powers of the Board
The Board may—
(a) set fees payable to it under this Ordinance;
(b) establish committees to advise the Board on the carrying out of the powers and duties of the Board;
(c) employ persons to assist with the carrying out of its functions under this Ordinance;
(ca) from time to time engage such professional advisers as it may consider necessary or expedient;  (Added 33 of 1997 s. 3)
(d) make rules for the conduct and discipline of registered architects;
(e) make rules for the reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred by persons attending to the business of the Board;
(f) make further rules required under this Ordinance.

13. Qualifications for registration
(1) The Board shall not register a person as a registered architect unless—
(a)he—
      (i) is a member of the Institute; or
      (ii) is a member of an architectural body the membership of which is accepted by the Board as being of a standard not less than that of a member of the Institute; or
      (iii) has passed such examinations in architecture and other subjects and has received such training and experience as the Board may accept, either generally or in a particular case, as a qualification of a standard not less than that of a member of the Institute; and
 
(b) he satisfies the Board that he has had 1 year’s relevant professional experience in Hong Kong before the date of his application for registration; and
(c) he is ordinarily resident in Hong Kong; and
(d) he is not the subject of an inquiry committee or a disciplinary order under Part IV which precludes him from being registered under this Ordinance; and
(e) he satisfies the Board by declaration in writing that he is competent to practise as an architect; and
(f) he is a fit and proper person to be registered.
 
(2) Without limiting the effect of subsection (1)(f), the Board may refuse to register a person as a registered architect who—
(a) has been convicted in Hong Kong or elsewhere of any offence which may bring the profession into disrepute and sentenced to imprisonment, whether suspended or not; or
(b) has committed misconduct or neglect in a professional respect.
 
(3) Where the Board is satisfied by an applicant that he is competent to practise architecture and the Board is later satisfied that the person is not competent to practise architecture, the Board may refer the matter to an inquiry committee who shall deal with it as if it was a complaint under section 22(1).
 

El ejercicio de la profesión está regulado por ley, de modo que es necesario estar registrado en la Architects Registration Board, para lo cual se tramita conjuntamente entre la ARB-Architects Registration Board y el HKIA-Hong Kong Institute of Architects. Existen diferentes opciones en función de los estudios y experiencia profesional del solicitante, pero en prácticamente todos los casos es necesario hacerse miembro del HKIA para poder acceder al registro de arquitectos del ARB.
 
 
Fuente: HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment Handbook-2018
 
HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment
 
 The HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment (PA) is jointly organised by The Hong Kong Institute of Architects (HKIA) and the Architects Registration Board (ARB) of the Hong Kong SAR.
 
It is an assessment system through which applicants may qualify for admission as full members of the HKIA and as registered architects under the Architects Registration Ordinance (ARO). However candidates for PA are reminded that other conditions listed under Section 13 of the ARO must also be fulfilled before they may be accepted for registration by the ARB.
 
The ARB has entrusted the HKIA with the administration of this PA, which is conducted by the Professional Assessment Committee (PAC) under the HKIA Board of the Educational Affairs (BEdA).
 
The objectives of PA are to ensure that the candidates have acquired the recognised academic training and prescribed local practical experience, and have attained a level of knowledge in professional practice and professional conduct acceptable to the HKIA for admission to full membership, and to the ARB for registration as Registered Architects.
 
 
ELIGIBILITY
 
There are different routes in the assessment system that applicants from different educational and professional backgrounds may take, to become full members of the HKIA and Registered Architects:
 
(a) Graduates from HKIA accredited or recognised programmes: Graduates from an accredited/ recognised professional architectural programme, with adequate recognised practical experience, please refer to Section 2. HKIA/ARB Accredited / Recognised Professional Architectural Programme Lists 2019
 
(b) Graduates from programmes not accredited or recognised by HKIA: Graduates from programmes not accredited or recognised by HKIA may apply for PA, subject to positive review of their academic qualifications through the Academic Qualifying Assessment conducted by HKIA. Please refer to Appendix A.  Academic Qualifying Assessment Guidelines 2017
 
 (c) Non-Local Architectural Professionals: A non-local architectural professional (NLAP) holding valid professional registration to practise architecture, as administered by a national registration body of architects recognised by HKIA/ARB, with adequate relevant local professional experience, may apply to the HKIA/ARB for admission as member of HKIA and as registered architect under ARO via the NLAP admission path. Non-local architectural professionals please refer to HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment Handbook Section 3.
 
A holder of the professional registration by a national registration body of architects recognized by HKIA/ARB as below:
   – Australia: Architects Accreditation Council of Australia (AACA)
   – Canada: By provincial registration
   – People Republic of China: National Administration Board of Architectural Registration (NABAR) ??????????????
   – New Zealand: Architects Education and Registration Board, New Zealand (AERB)
   – United Kingdom: Architects Registration Board (ARB)
   – USA: National Council of Architects Registration Boards (NCARB)
 
Professional qualifications other than the list above will be considered case by case based on applicant’s individual merits.
 
> Please also refer to Appendix B for an overview of the admission process.
 

APPENDIX B – PROCESS OF ADMISSION
 
· GRADUATES OF NON-RECOGNISED PROGRAMMES:
 
1. Apply to HKIA /ARB for Academic Qualifying Assessment
2. Minimum 2 years of practical experience plus additional period (max. 3 years) of practical experience.
3. HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment (8 papers  + Professional Interview)
4. Become HKIA Member
5. Become Registered Architect
 
· NON-LOCAL ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSIONALS:
 
– GROUP A
Non-local Architectural Professionals with not less than 15 years of overall (local + overseas) post-professional qualification and relevant local recognized professional experience.
 
1. Apply to HKIA /ARB for admission:
   a. Case report
   b. Professional Interview
 
2. Become HKIA Member
3. Become Registered Architect
 
 
– GROUP B
Non-local Architectural Professionals with not less than 5 years of post-professional qualification and relevant local recognized professional experience.
 
1. Apply to HKIA /ARB for admission:
   a. Case report
   b. Take HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment Paper 1 (Statutory Controls in Building Works)  and Paper 2  (Building Contracts, Professional Practice, Professional Conduct, Conditions of Agreement & Scale of Charges)
   c. Professional Interview
 
2. Become HKIA Member
3. Become Registered Architect

> Ver enlace: Join HKIA – HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

Para los Arquitectos que no cuenten con la experiencia necesaria y no puedan optar a otras vías de acceso, existe un sistema de Academic Qualifying Assessment  que implica pasar una evaluación y realizar una serie de años de prácticas.
 
 
Fuente: HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment Handbook-2018
 
GRADUATES OF NON-RECOGNISED ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMES
 
ACADEMIC QUALIFYING ASSESSMENT
 
1. Application
Before graduates from non-HKIA accredited or recognised schools may apply for the HKIA Professional Assessment, their academic qualifications and standard will have to be subjected to an Academic Qualifying Assessment (AQA). Applications for the Academic Qualifying Assessment should be made in writing to the HKIA.
 
2 Submission for Academic Qualifying Assessments
For the Academic Qualifying Assessment, graduates from non-HKIA accredited or recognised schools are required to submit, in addition to other supporting documents, a detailed portfolio to exhibit the school works and other relevant design works undertaken by the applicant.
 
3 Assessment Criteria
Where the applicant’s work, as exhibited in the portfolio and other relevant academic studies submitted, is considered to be of a standard equivalent to that of a graduate from an HKIA accredited or recognised university, the applicant may be allowed to take the Professional Assessment. The assessment will be made based on individual merit. The decision of the PAC, which administers the Academic Qualifying Assessment, shall be final.
 
4. Other Requirements for Professional Assessment
In addition to the minimum 24 months of recognised post-professional degree Practical experience, graduates from non-HKIA accredited or recognised schools with less than 5 years of full-time study in architecture are required to make up for the shortfall by undergoing an additional period of recognised practical experience, before they are allowed to take Papers 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8. In all circumstances, the additional period of recognised practical experience required shall not exceed 3 years, i.e. the maximum total period of recognised practical experience required before taking on Papers 1, 2, 6 and 7 shall be 5 years.  The duration of additional experience required for each applicant shall be determined by the PAC on case by case basis and the decision shall be final.
 
 

El ámbito concreto de las competencias del Arquitecto no está definido por ley, de modo que en este sentido hay una libre competencia, otros profesionales como los ingenieros pueden acceder también al Registro de Personas Autorizadas de la Building Authority.
 
De acuerdo con el Architectural Services Department, el proceso constructivo implica un trabajo en equipo en el cual la labor habitual de los arquitectos suele ser la siguiente:
 
In a building, Architects design the forms, spaces, layouts, functions, and all details to meet user’s requirements. They also ensure the settings of the building blend in well with its environment and it complies with all relevant building regulations. Special attention is also paid to the environmental protection and safety aspects. The whole design process requires knowledge on aesthetics, engineering, management, and law.
  
 
Fuente: UIA. Hong Kong
 
ARCHITECT'S FUNCTIONS
Is The Scope Of Practice Defined By Law?: No
 
OTHER PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Are There Other Professionals Who May Legally Provide Services Similar To Architects?:
Other Professionals May Fully Exercise The Architect's Profession: FULL COMPETITION
 
List Of These Professionals And Specify In What Aspects Their Functions Coincide With Those Of An Architect.:
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Same As Architect, If An Authorised Person
 
 
Fuente: Census and Statistic Department. Government of Hong Kong
 
ARCHITECT
Consults clients to ascertain type and style of super-structure required. Gives advice on cost, design, materials, work schedules and other relevant activities. Ensures that structural and ornamental features comply with local regulations and architectural styles; prepares drawings, scale models and detailed plans and specifications for use by builders; and inspects construction work. Professional qualification – Possesses a university degree in architecture with at least 3 years’ experience in the field and/or an equivalent professional qualification, e.g. Corporate Membership of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects.
 
 
Fuente: Cap 123 Building Ordinance
 
PART 1.- AUTHORIZED PERSONS, REGISTERED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS, REGISTERED GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS, REGISTERED INSPECTORS AND REGISTERED CONTRACTORS
 
3. Registers of Authorized persons, Structural engineers, Geotechnical engineers and Inspectors 
(Amended 16 of 2011 s. 6)
 
(1) The Building Authority shall keep a register (hereinafter referred to as the authorized persons’ register) of all persons who are qualified to perform the duties and functions of an authorized person in accordance with this Ordinance.
 
(2) The authorized persons’ register contains—
(a) a list of architects;
(b) a list of engineers; and
(c) a list of surveyors. 
(Replaced 54 of 1996 s. 4)
 
(3) The Building Authority shall keep a register (hereinafter referred to as the structural engineers’ register) of all persons who are qualified to perform the duties and functions of structural engineers (relating to more advanced structural designs of building works or street works) in accordance with this Ordinance.
 
(3A) The Building Authority shall keep a register (hereinafter referred to as the geotechnical engineers’ register) of all persons who are qualified to perform the duties and functions of geotechnical engineers (relating to geotechnical designs of building works or street works) in accordance with this Ordinance.  (Added 15 of 2004 s. 4)
 
(3B) The Building Authority must keep a register (the inspectors’ register) of all persons who are qualified to perform the duties and functions of inspectors in accordance with this Ordinance. (Added 16 of 2011 s. 6)
 
(3C) The inspectors’ register contains—
(a) a list of architects;
(b) a list of engineers; and
(c) a list of surveyors. 
(Added 16 of 2011 s. 6)
 
(5B) An Authorized Persons Registration Committee consists of—
(a) 4 authorized persons nominated by the Architects Registration Board from the list of architects in the authorized persons’ register;
(b) 2 authorized persons nominated by the Engineers Registration Board from the list of engineers in the authorized persons’ register;
(c) 1 authorized person nominated by the Surveyors Registration Board from the list of surveyors in the authorized persons’ register;
(d) an Assistant Director of Buildings nominated by the Building Authority; and
(e) 1 person selected by the Building Authority from among the persons nominated in accordance with subsection (5E). 
(Added 54 of 1996 s. 4)
 
 
4. Appointment and duties of authorized person, registered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer
(1) Subject to subsection (1A), every person for whom building works or street works are to be carried out shall appoint—  
(a) an authorized person as the co-ordinator of such building works or street works;
(b) a registered structural engineer for the structural elements of such building works or street works if so required under this Ordinance; and
(c) a registered geotechnical engineer for the geotechnical elements of such building works or street works if so required under this Ordinance.
 
(1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in respect of minor works commenced under the simplified requirements.  
 
(3) Any authorized person, any registered structural engineer and any registered geotechnical engineer appointed or nominated under subsection (1) or (2) shall—  
(a) supervise the carrying out of the building works or street works, as the case may be, in accordance with the supervision plan;
(b) notify the Building Authority of any contravention of the regulations which would result from the carrying out of any work shown in any plan approved by the Building Authority in respect of the building works or street works; and
(c) comply generally with this Ordinance.
 
 
 
Fuente: Architectural Services Department
 
THE BUILDING PROCESS AND TEAMWORK – ARCHITECT
 
An Architect’s mission is to design the form and internal layouts of property in order to create ideal living space for people.
 
In a building, Architects design the forms, spaces, layouts, functions, and all details to meet user’s requirements. They also ensure the settings of the building blend in well with its environment and it complies with all relevant building regulations. Special attention is also paid to the environmental protection and safety aspects. The whole design process requires knowledge on aesthetics, engineering, management, and law. With the facilitation of computer software, which can produce 3-D modeling and animations, the design process has been made much easier nowadays.
 
An Architect should be able to translate his ideas to reality. The ability to draw is definitely an advantage. To improve people’s lives by architecture, Architects should have curiosity and good understanding of the environments and cultures. Creativity, sense of space, and sensitivity to colours are also important attributes for an architect to produce quality designs.

 
> Ver: The building process Teamwork

Recomendado. Aunque es posible habilitarse para ejercer allí, el procedimiento no es fácil, por lo que en muchos casos puede resultar preferible contar con un socio local que conozca bien el entorno y el marco legal.
 
Fuente: ICEX. Hong Kong

Socios Locales
Las empresas extranjeras pueden entrar en el capital de empresas locales, asociarse con ellas o fundar joint ventures sin restricciones de ningún tipo.
 
Constitución de sociedades
Bajo las disposiciones de la Business Registration Ordinance, cualquier persona al frente de un negocio en el Territorio debe registrarlo en la Business Registration Office del Inland Revenue Department (el Ministerio de Hacienda de Hong Kong).
 
El procedimiento para registrar una empresa es muy simple. Basta con rellenar el impreso de solicitud adecuado y enviarlo, por duplicado, al Business Registration Office del IRD. La solicitud se debe presentar dentro del primer mes desde el comienzo del negocio. En el caso de una sociedad anónima la solicitud deberá realizarse dentro del primer mes desde la fecha de constitución o de registro en el Companies Registry.
 
Al pagar la tarifa se obtendrá el certificado de registro válido por doce meses (se puede solicitar uno con validez de tres años). Cuando expire el certificado se deberá renovar cada año. Dicho certificado deberá ser expuesto en un lugar visible donde se esté llevando a cabo el negocio.
 
Los cambios que se produzcan en las especificaciones (dirección, nombre de la empresa, socios, etc) deberán ser comunicadas a la Business Registration Office.
 
En Hong Kong existen compañías especializadas que facilitan todo el proceso de creación de empresas, cuyos servicios pueden incluir desde la constitución de sociedades de responsabilidad limitada o la venta de sociedades de responsabilidad limitada ya confeccionadas, al registro de la oficina, contaduría, auditoría, etc.
 

Aunque normalmente no es obligatorio contar con un seguro, la responsabilidad que el profesional asume hace que sea muy recomendable contar con un Seguro de Responsabilidad Profesional, entre los cuales se encuentran algunas opciones especialmente diseñadas para Arquitectos.
  
Fuente: AIG Hong Kong
 
PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY
 
Professions like Accountants, Architects, Engineers, Lawyers and Insurance Brokers are highly regulated by local authorities and in many cases these professions are legally required to have professional liability insurance in place.
 
As a consequence of globalization and heightened procurement standards, when tendering for business overseas (especially in the US, Europe, UK, and Australasia), professional service providers are often required to demonstrate that they have professional liability insurance in place as pre-requisite for contract award.
 
A single claim can ruin a business financially since litigation can be expensive, time-consuming and resource-consuming. If you are a professional, your reputation is everything and maintaining this reputation is critical. In the event of a claim, our claims team will conduct the claim process efficiently and discreetly to safeguard our Insured's reputation.
 
The increasing economic interdependency and culture exchange between East and West is contributing to higher claims awareness among professionals like yourself. The rapidly escalating number and size of professional liability claims demonstrate the litigious environment in Hong Kong, China and Southeast Asia.
 
Single Project Professional Indemnity
 
Single Project Professional Indemnity (SPPI) is an insurance solution arranged around the lifecycle and needs of a specific construction project. Unlike conventional annually renewable policies, it has particular advantages for project owners and for Joint Venture operators.
 
> Architects and Engineers Professional Liability Proposal Form
 
> Surveyors & Real Estate Professional Liability Proposal Form
 
 
Fuente: Commonwealth Association of Architects. Hong Kong
 
Professional Indemnity Insurance: No requirement
Protection of Function: Yes , The Building Ordinance requires plan submissions by an authorised person (architect, structural engineer or quantity surveyor)
 
Guidance: CAA have endorsed the ethical standards for cross border practice set out in the CAA Accord on Enhancing Development Effectiveness and the International Union of Architects Guideline for Practice in a Host Nation.
 

Fuente: Cap 123 Building Ordinance
 
37. Limitation of public liability
(1) No liability shall rest upon Government or upon any public officer by reason of the fact that any building works are carried out in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance or that such building works or the plans thereof or materials therefore are subject to inspection or approval by a public officer, nor shall anything in this Ordinance make it obligatory for the Building Authority to inspect any building, building works or materials or the site of any proposed building to ascertain that the provisions of this Ordinance are complied with or that plans, certificates, forms, reports, notices and other documents submitted to him are accurate.
(Amended 16 of 2011 s. 23)
 
(2) No matter or thing done by the Building Authority or by any public officer acting under his direction shall if it were done bona fide for the purpose of executing this Ordinance subject him or such public officer personally to any action, liability, claim or demand whatsoever.
 
(3) Nothing in this Ordinance contained shall exempt any person from any proceeding by way of mandamus, injunction, prohibition or other order unless it is expressly so enacted.
 
Schedule 7.
3. If any person on whom a penalty notice has been served has failed to pay the fixed penalty of $1,500, and has not notified the Building Authority that the person wishes to dispute liability, within 21 days after the date of the penalty notice, a magistrate may, on an application being made in the manner mentioned in section 4 of this Schedule, order the person to pay the fixed penalty of $1,500, together with a sum of $300 by way of costs, within 21 days after the date of service of notice of the order.
 
 

 a) Normativas

 
> Cap 408 Architects Registration Ordinance

> Cap 123 Building Ordinance
 
> Code of Professional Conduct
 
> Guidelines for "USE OF TITLE"
 
> Building Department. Practice Notes for Authorized Persons, Registered Structural Engineers and Registered Geotechnical Engineers

b) Modelos de contratos

 
Fuente: ICEX. Hong Kong
 
TIPOS DE CONTRATOS
 
En lo que a contratación laboral se refiere la legislación existente es mínima, priman por encima de todo los acuerdos formalizados en contratos entre los empleadores y los empleados. En ellos es donde aparecen fijadas las condiciones de la relación laboral. De este modo no hay tipos de contratos y tampoco se exige que éstos estén por escrito. La legislación es algo más amplia para dos casos: protección del trabajo de menores de edad y prevención de riesgos laborales.
 
 
RÉGIMEN DE TRABAJADORES EXTRANJEROS
 
Los extranjeros necesitarán un visado de trabajo emitido por el Hong Kong Immigration Department antes de entrar en Hong Kong para trabajar. Se permite la entrada al país con visado de turista con una duración de 3 meses en los cuales se puede procesar el visado de trabajo, no obstante se debe obtener el visado de trabajo con anterioridad. En la práctica, los visados de trabajo se emiten sólo para profesionales y empleados de un cierto nivel de dirección. Además, existen programas especiales para el servicio doméstico extranjero y la importación de trabajadores para ciertas industrias en las que existe falta de personal cualificado en Hong Kong.
 
 
CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA
 
La contratación pública se rige en Hong Kong por el Reglamento de compras y existencias. Este Reglamento se complementa con circulares financieras dictadas por el Secretario de Finanzas. El Gobierno ha publicado una "Guía de Contratación Pública" (Tender Procedures for Government Procurement) para facilitar la comprensión del sistema. Las autoridades sostienen que los procedimientos establecidos en este Reglamento están en plena conformidad con las disposiciones del Acuerdo sobre Contratación Pública de la OMC.
 
En general, el Departamento de Logística de los Servicios Públicos es el organismo central de aprovisionamiento del Gobierno de la R. A. E. de Hong Kong y de ciertas organizaciones financiadas con cargo a fondos públicos, como la Administración de Hospitales. El Departamento paga esos suministros mediante una cuenta de anticipos y recibe el reembolso de los usuarios finales cuando éstos retiran las mercancías del Departamento. Éste actúa también como agente de compras para el abastecimiento y el equipo que necesitan determinadas instituciones del Gobierno y unas pocas organizaciones no gubernamentales. Esas instituciones y organizaciones pagan directamente mediante sus propias cuentas, pero utilizan la experiencia técnica del Departamento en las licitaciones, las negociaciones y la administración de los contratos.
 
Los servicios de construcción son contratados por los respectivos departamentos de obras, bajo la supervisión general de la Oficina de Medio Ambiente, Transporte y Obras Públicas. La Oficina suministra orientación general y asesoramiento técnico en los procedimientos de licitación y las cuestiones referentes a la administración de los contratos respecto de las obras, y lleva un registro de contratistas de obra aprobados y un sistema de informes sobre su actuación. (Servicios de mantenimiento y construcción- Hong Kong Housing Authority; Housing, Planning and Lands Bureau)
 
La contratación pública sigue basándose en los principios de responsabilidad pública, rendimiento económico óptimo, transparencia y competencia leal. En la evaluación de las licitaciones las autoridades tienen en cuenta no sólo la competitividad en los precios, sino también el cumplimiento de las necesidades de los usuarios, la seguridad del rendimiento, la calidad óptima, el costo íntegro y el apoyo posventa, cuando corresponden.
 
El procedimiento suele ser la licitación abierta. Sólo en circunstancias limitadas se utiliza la licitación selectiva o restringida o la contratación directa, como cuando resulta estrictamente necesario para asegurar la compatibilidad con equipos ya existentes o para proteger productos patentados o de dominio privado.
 
El Secretario de Finanzas ha designado varias juntas de licitaciones para examinar y resolver la adjudicación de los contratos. La Junta Central de Licitaciones, presidida por el Secretario Permanente de Servicios Financieros y del Tesoro, se ocupa de las licitaciones correspondientes a suministros y servicios generales que exceden de 10 millones HKD, y las que exceden de 30 millones HKD referentes a servicios de construcción. Las licitaciones de valor menor se resuelven por juntas de licitaciones subalternas.
 
Como signatario del Acuerdo sobre Contratación Pública, Hong Kong estableció el 30 de diciembre de 1998 un Organismo de Examen de las Impugnaciones de Ofertas. Todo proveedor o contratista agraviado también puede formular una reclamación ante el departamento encargado de la contratación o la Junta de Licitaciones correspondiente, o la Oficina del Ombudsman (Defensor del Pueblo). Los proveedores o contratistas que alegan casos de corrupción pueden dirigirse a la Comisión Independiente Anticorrupción. El sistema de contratación pública de la R. A. E. De Hong Kong cuenta con un mecanismo de vigilancia independiente para garantizar la responsabilidad. Además, el Departamento de Logística de los Servicios Públicos cuenta con una sección independiente que funciona como auditoría interna.
 
 
Fuente: Architecture Services Department
 
LIST OF CONSULTANTS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND ASSOCIATED CONSULTANTS SELECTION BOARD (AACSB)
 
The List of Consultants of AACSB (The "List") maintained by AACSB consists of six categories, namely Architectural, Building Services, Building Surveying, Landscape Architectural, Quantity Surveying and Structural Engineering. Only those firms who are in the appropriate categories will be eligible to undertake consultancies under the purview of AACSB.
 
Each of the categories, except Building Surveying and Landscape Architectural categories, is further divided into two bands, Band 1 and Band 2, generally according to the number of professional staff and years of establishment of the firm.
 
Normally, firms in Band 1 of the List will be eligible to bid for AACSB consultancies of the appropriate category with estimated project value exceeding HK$300 million each whereas firms in Band 2 of the List will be eligible to bid for AACSB consultancies of the appropriate category with estimated project value not exceeding HK$300 million each.
 
Since the Building Surveying and Landscape Architectural categories are not divided into bands, all firms in these categories will be eligible to bid for AACSB consultancies of the appropriate category without any limit on the estimated project value.
 
Please refer to the AACSB Handbook (July2018) for details of the Listing and Selection of AACSB Consultants.
 
 
Fuente: HKIA Publications

> Standard Form of Agreement between Client and Architect
 
> Agreement and Schedule of Conditions of Building Contract for use in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Standard Form of Building Contract Private Edition – Without Quantities (2006 Edition)

> Agreement and Schedule of Conditions of Nominated Sub-Contract for use in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2005 Edition)

> Agreement & Schedule of Conditions of Nominated Supply Contract for use in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2005 Edition)

> Agreement and Schedule of Conditions of Building Contract for use in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Standard Form of Building Contract Private Edition – With Quantities (2005 Edition)
 
 

c) Convenios fiscales

 
Fuente: ICEX. Hong Kong
 
ESTRUCTURA GENERAL DEL SISTEMA FISCAL
 
El sistema fiscal en Hong Kong sigue un criterio territorial, de forma que sólo los ingresos de fuente local están sometidos a impuestos. Conceptos como la residencia o la nacionalidad no tienen relevancia a efectos tributarios. Las tasas impositivas de Hong Kong son de las más bajas del mundo, razón por la que numerosas empresas extranjeras eligen la ciudad como sede para sus negocios en Asia. El impuesto de sociedades es del 16,5%. La repatriación a Hong Kong de los dividendos o de los beneficios de una sucursal radicada en el extranjero no están gravados. Además, los dividendos pagados por una empresa hongkonesa a sus accionistas -bien residan en el territorio o en el extranjero- tampoco están gravados. Las ganancias de capital están también exentas de impuestos. El organismo encargado de gestionar todo lo relativo a impuestos es el Inland Revenue Department 
 
En el ámbito bilateral, hay que destacar que el 1 de abril de 2011, se firmó el Convenio para evitar la Doble Imposición entre España y la Región Administrativa Especial de Hong Kong.
 
Fuente: Agencia Tributaria
 
> Convenio entre el Reino de España y la Región Administrativa Especial de Hong Kong de la República Popular China para evitar la doble imposición y prevenir la evasión fiscal en materia de impuestos sobre la renta y su Protocolo, hecho en Hong Kong el 1 de abril de 2011. (BOE, 14-abril-2012)  

d) Sueldos y tarifas de honorarios

 
Fuente: UIA. Hong Kong
 
ARCHITECTS' COMPENSATION
Is There A Fee Scale, Cost Information System Or Other Method To Calculate Architects' Compensation For Services Delivered?: Yes
Is It For Guidance Only?: Yes
Which Body Is In Charge Of Publishing Fee Scales Or Defining And Offering Other Methods For Calculating Compensation?: THE HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
 
> HKIA Agreement between Client and Architect
 
Fuente: HKIA Rules for the conduct of Architectural Competitions
 
APP.I – 4.2 Recommended Scale of Remuneration for Professional/ Technical Adviser The recommended remuneration for the professional/ technical adviser on a local competition for professionals shall be based on the following scale:
– Single-stage Concept / Ideas Competition: HK$ 330,000
– Two-stage Project Competition: HK$ 550,000
 
For additional scopes such as below, the remuneration shall be reasonably adjusted with reference to the following scale:
– International Competition: +20%
– With addition of Open-group Competition: +10%
 
 The above recommendations shall be subject to review and update by the HKIA from time to time. The remuneration may be subject to fine-tuning according to the nature, scale, complexity, and programme of a specific competition at the discretion of the Council of the HKIA.
 
 
Fuente: ICEX. Hong Kong
 
SALARIOS
El 1 de mayo de 2011 entró en vigor la guía de estándares de salario mínimo para los trabajadores de Hong Kong y lo establecía en  28 HKD (3,6 USD) por hora, independientemente del tipo de trabajo, contrato o duración. A partir del 1 de mayo de 2017, el salario mínimo ha ascendido a 34,5 HKD por hora (4,45 USD). Esta nueva ley es aplicable a los discapacitados pero no a los trabajadores domésticos ni los becarios y estudiantes en prácticas. Desde entonces alrededor de 310.000 empleados incrementaron su mensualidad. Además los empresarios pagan generalmente una mensualidad extra al año durante Navidad o el Año Nuevo Chino.
 
Según la Employment Ordinance, todo empleado que ha trabajado de forma continuada para el mismo patrón durante más de cuatro semanas tiene derecho a un día de descanso a la semana. El empleado tiene derecho a siete días de vacaciones anuales pagadas tras haber trabajado continuamente para el mismo patrón durante doce meses. Los días de vacaciones aumentan progresivamente en función de los años de servicio en la empresa, en base a un día por año hasta un máximo de 14 días anuales. Además, estas vacaciones son pagadas en el caso de que el trabajador haya trabajado continuamente durante los tres meses previos a las vacaciones.
 
Algunos empresarios ofrecen otros beneficios o incentivos a sus trabajadores como comidas gratuitas o a precio reducido, bonos de asistencia, tratamientos médicos gratuitos y, en el caso de algunas grandes compañías y funcionarios, se ofrece vivienda y/o transporte o ayudas para éstos. Los salarios pueden estar calculados bajo una base diaria o mensual, o bien en base a incentivos según el volumen de trabajo realizado. Los empleados de las fábricas suelen recibir sus salarios diariamente mientras que los demás los perciben mensualmente.
 
Fuente: Census and Statistic Department. Government of Hong Kong

Table 028 : Average monthly salaries of selected occupations
 
Supervisory and technical workers
 
Office/administrative supervisor: 2019 Mar – 23,651 HK$
Accounting supervisor: 2019 Mar – 25,191 HK$
Estate officer/building services officer: : 2019 Mar – 19,889 HK$
 
ARCHITECT
Consults clients to ascertain type and style of super-structure required. Gives advice on cost, design, materials, work schedules and other relevant activities. Ensures that structural and ornamental features comply with local regulations and architectural styles; prepares drawings, scale models and detailed plans and specifications for use by builders; and inspects construction work.
 

e) Fases de proyecto

 
Fuente: HKIA Agreement between Client and Architect
 
WORK STAGES:
 
A- Inception
B- Feasibility Studies
C- Outline Schematic Proposals
D- Projects Design
E- Contract Documents
F- Building Construction
 
 
Fuente: World Bank. Hong Kong – China
 
DEALING WITH CONSTRUCTION PERMITS
 
Shown below are the procedures, time, and costs to build a warehouse, including obtaining necessary licenses and permits, completing required notifications and inspections, and obtaining utility connections.
 
1. Obtain approval by submitting applications to the One Stop Center
 Agency : Hong Kong One Stop Center (OSC)
 
2. Hire an external supervising engineer to conduct inspections during construction
Agency : Authorised person (AP), registered structural engineer (RSE) and registered geotechnical engineer (RGE)
 
It is common practice to hire external engineers (i.e., an authorized person (AP), registered structural engineer (RSE) and registered geotechnical engineer (RGE) registered under the building law) to conduct inspections according to the schedule of inspections specified in a statutory supervision plan.
 
 
3. Receive inspection by the Building Department on the foundation strata
Agency : Buildings Department
 
4. Request and receive inspection on the superstructure construction – I
Agency : Buildings Department
 
5. Receive inspection by the Building Department on the superstructure construction- II
Agency : Buildings Department
 
6. Receive an audit inspection by the Building Department – I
Agency : Buildings Department
 
7. Receive an audit inspection by the Building Department – II
Agency : Buildings Department
 
8. Submit notification of project completion and relevant applications
Agency : Hong Kong One Stop Center (OSC)
 
9. Obtain relevant certificates through the One Stop Center
Agency : Hong Kong One Stop Center
 
10. Receive joint and final inspection of relevant licensing authorities coordinated by the One Stop Center
Agency : Hong Kong One Stop Center (OSC)
 
11. Obtain water connection
Agency : Hong Kong Water Supplies Department (WSD)

f) Informe económico, Planes de inversión

 
Fuente: ICEX. Hong Kong
 
Razones y ventajas para la implantación de empresas españolas
 
Hong Kong cuenta con una economía de libre mercado, y es considerado uno de los mejores países para hacer negocios e invertir, como indican diversos organismos en sus clasificaciones anuales:

   · País con mayor libertad económica: The Heritage Foundation, en su Índice de libertad económica 2017, considera por vigésimo tercer año consecutivo que Hong Kong es el país con la economía más libre del mundo. Este índice tiene en cuenta aspectos como la corrupción, la libertad fiscal, la protección de derechos, o la libertad económica o laboral.
 
   · País más competitivo del mundo: The International Institute for Management Development (IMD) 2017, en su listado de los países más competitivos del mundo, posiciona a Hong Kong en el primer puesto de la clasificación, mejorando respecto a  2016.
 
   · Cuarto mejor país para hacer negocios: el Banco Mundial, en su clasificación Doing Business Economy 2017 considera a Hong Kong como el quinto mejor país para hacer negocios.
 
   · Noveno país más competitivo del mundo: The World Economic Forum considera a la Región como el séptimo país más competitivo en su estudio “The Global Competitive Index 2017”.
 
   · Décimo-segundo país en la clasificación de Índice de Desarrollo Humano 2017: este análisis, realizado por Naciones Unidas, considera aspectos como la esperanza de vida, el producto nacional bruto y los años de escolarización de la población, entre otros.
 
Por otro lado, Hong Kong es un puerto franco, es decir, no cuenta con aranceles, cuotas o impuestos a productos importados (excepto impuestos de alcohol, tabaco, hidrocarburos y metanol) y además tiene una legislación que garantiza la seguridad jurídica y protege los derechos de propiedad.
 
Por último, es interesante destacar que Hong Kong es hoy fundamental para la zona de Asia Pacífico y no solamente con China por ello la mayoría de las empresas extranjeras instaladas en HK tienen su campo de operaciones en toda la región, lo que en muchos casos incluye India.
 
 
Sectores de oportunidad
 
La posición de Hong Kong en el campo de la inversión extranjera es peculiar. Por un lado, es el centro a través del cual China canaliza en parte su inversión hacia el exterior, ya que de este modo goza de una mayor flexibilidad normativa.
 
Hong Kong no cuenta con industria propia y por tanto, excepto cuando se trata de vehicular inversión en relación con China, en cuyo caso las oportunidades corresponden al mercado de "mainland"  las oportunidades se centran en el sector servicios, fundamentalmente los financieros, de logística ligada al comercio, y profesionales.
 
 
Documentos
 
 > Informe económico y comercial. Hong Kong 2019
Informe económico y comercial sobre Hong Kong que proporciona datos sobre su situación política-económica, relaciones bilaterales, acuerdos comerciales, relaciones multilaterales y oportunidades de negocio para la empresa española.
Ver documento
 
 
> Guía de negocios. China – Hong Kong 2018
Guía sobre Hong Kong. Proporciona información sobre su situación geográfica, superficie, clima, demografía, sociedad y breves referencias históricas. Muestra su estructura político-administrativa, su estructura económica, el marco para la actividad comercial y para la inversión, así como información de carácter práctico y una guía de direcciones de interés del país en Internet.
Ver documento 
 
 
> Directorio de empresas españolas establecidas en China – Hong Kong
Este documento contiene los principales datos (no de carácter personal o confidencial) de las empresas españolas que han abordado cualquier tipo de proyecto de inversión en Hong Kong y que, según los datos del ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones, están establecidas en ese país actualmente.
Ver documento
 
 

g) Otros

> Guía de país. Hong Kong 2019
Guía sobre Hong Kong. Proporciona información sobre su situación geográfica, superficie, clima, demografía, sociedad y breves referencias históricas. Muestra su estructura político-administrativa, su estructura económica, el marco para la actividad comercial y para la inversión, así como información de carácter práctico y una guía de direcciones de interés del país en Internet. En anexos incluye los principales indicadores económicos, listado de instituciones internacionales y económicas de las que Hong Kong es miembro, y un calendario general de ferias del país.
Ver documento
 
 
> Informe de feria. Hong Kong International Lighting Fair (Spring Edition). Hong Kong 2019
Informe sobre la feria Hong Kong International Lighting Fair (Spring Edition), especializada en el sector de la iluminación, celebrada en Hong Kong, del 6 al 9 de abril 2019. Proporciona el perfil de la feria, datos sobre la organización y participación de las empresas, las tendencias y novedades presentadas, y una valoración de la misma. En anexos se incluyen precios de los stands, distribución de los expositores y direcciones de interés.
Ver documento 
 
 
> Informe de feria. Art Basel Hong Kong 2019
Informe sobre la feria Art Basel Hong Kong, especializada en el sector del arte, celebrada en Hong Kong del 28 al 31 de marzo de 2019. Proporciona el perfil de la feria, datos sobre la organización y participación de las empresas, las tendencias y novedades presentadas, y una valoración de la misma. En anexos incluye el precio de las entradas y del stand de participación, los actos paralelos (exposiciones, charlas y películas) y direcciones de interés.
Ver documento
 
 
> Informe de feria. Designinspire. Hong Kong 2018
Informe sobre la feria anual Designispire, especializada en el sector del diseño (de todo tipo de productos), celebrada en Hong Kong del 6 al 8 de diciembre de 2018. Proporciona el perfil de la feria, datos sobre la organización y participación de las empresas, las tendencias y novedades presentadas, y una valoración de la misma. En anexos incluye precios de los estands y plano de la feria.
Ver documento
 
 
> Nota sectorial sobre las energías renovables en Hong Kong 2018
Nota sectorial sobre el mercado de las energías renovables en Hong Kong (datos 2013 – 2017). Además de las oportunidades y expectativas de las energías renovables en el territorio, incluye también la legislación medioambiental en Hong Kong, así como directorio de empresas.
Ver documento
 
 
> Estudio de mercado. El mercado de los servicios de arquitectura e ingeniería en Hong Kong 2016
Estudio sobre el mercado de los servicios de arquitectura e ingeniería en Hong Kong (datos 2011-2015). Tras presentar la definición y características del sector, analiza la oferta y la demanda, así como los precios y la percepción del producto español. Informa sobre los canales de distribución, el acceso al mercado, las perspectivas y las oportunidades del sector. Recoge información práctica y otros datos de interés.
Ver documento
 
 

Corresponsal COAM

 
> Ver Corresponsales 2018-2019
         
 

Organismo regulador 

 
ARB. ARCHITECTS REGISTRATION BOARD
19th Floor, One Hysan Avenue,
Causeway Bay, Hong Kong.
Tel: 852-2511 5794
Fax: 852-2519 6011
www.arb.org.hk
 
 
HKIA. HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
19/F, One Hysan Avenue,
Causeway Bay, Hong Kong
Telephone:(852) 2511 6323
Fax:(852) 2519 6011, (852) 2519 3364
info@hkia.net , hkiasec@hkia.org.hk
www.hkia.net
 
 

Enlaces profesionales

 
Oficina Económica y Comercial de España
2004 Tower One, Lippo Centre,
89 Queensway, Central, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2521 7433
Fax: (852) 2845 3448
hongkong@comercio.mineco.es
 

Cámara de Comercio de España
1801-03, 18/F, East Town Building
41 Lockhard Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
Tel.: (852) 2763 6236
Fax: (852) 2763 6279
info@spanish-chamber.com.hk
 

Invest Hong Kong
25/F, Fairmont House,
8 Cotton Tree Drive, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 3107 1000
Fax: (852) 3107 9007
enq@investhk.gov.hk
 
 

Embajadas y consulados

 
Sección Consular de la Embajada de China en Madrid
C/ Josefa Valcárcel 40, 1ª, 28027, Madrid
Tel: (34) 91 741 47 28
Fax: (34) 91 741 47 93
consuladochino@hotmail.com
 

Consulado De España
 Suite 5303, 53/F, Central Plaza
18 Harbour Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2525 3041/2
Fax: (852) 2877 2407
cog.hongkong@maec.es
 
 
 

Otros

 
Spanish Cultural Association of Hong Kong
Unit A, 13F, Eastern Flower Centre,
22-24 Cameron Road, Tsim Sha Tsui
Hong Kong – China
 
1305 Cameron Commercial Building,
458 Hennesy Road, Causeway Bay
Hong Kong – China
 
Telephone: (+852) 3611 5904 
Whatsapp: (+852) 9036 4858
 info@spanish.hk
www.spanish.hk